Gum Treatment

The main cause of gum disease is the bacterial plaque that accumulates on the tooth surface. Plaque that is not cleaned regularly and effectively hardens over time into tartar (calculus); this build-up can trigger an inflammatory response at the gum line. Inadequate oral hygiene is one of the most decisive factors in this process.

Beyond plaque and tartar, smoking, certain systemic conditions (such as diabetes), hormonal changes, some medications and genetic predisposition can also affect the course of gum disease. The presence of these factors varies from person to person, and the treatment plan is determined after examination.

Gum diseases are generally addressed in two stages. Gingivitis is the early period in which inflammation is limited to the gum; bleeding and redness may be seen, but the bone surrounding the tooth is not yet affected. This stage is a reversible condition that can be brought under control with appropriate treatment and regular care.

In periodontitis, which arises as inflammation progresses, the bone and supporting tissues that hold the tooth begin to be affected along with the gum. At this stage, gum recession, loosening of the teeth and loss of support may be seen. Early diagnosis is important so that the process can be assessed before it advances to this stage.

The foundation of gum treatment is often formed by non-surgical methods. Dental scaling (detartrage) aims to remove the plaque and tartar that build up on the tooth surface and at the gum line. In more advanced situations, root surface planing (curettage), in which tartar and inflamed tissue on the root surface are cleaned and the surface is smoothed, may be applied.

These procedures aim to reduce the inflammatory environment between the gum and the tooth root, creating a suitable basis for the gum to heal. Local anesthesia may be used when needed to reduce discomfort during the procedure. Results vary from person to person; consult your physician for accurate information.

Periodontal treatment is generally planned in defined stages. In the first stage, the condition of the gums and supporting tissues is assessed through examination and, when needed, measurements and radiographs. This is followed by the non-surgical stage, in which scaling and, where necessary, root surface planing are carried out; oral hygiene habits are also reviewed during this period.

After a certain healing period, the tissues are re-evaluated. Where inflammation persists or deep pockets remain, surgical periodontal treatments may come into consideration. Once treatment is complete, a regular maintenance (periodontal care) program is recommended to preserve the health that has been achieved. The scope and duration of the stages vary by case.

Healthy gums form a fundamental basis both for the long-term health of the teeth and for the aesthetics of the smile. The color and contour of the gum and the way it frames the teeth affect the overall appearance of oral health. Bringing gum disease under control can contribute to protecting the supporting tissues of the teeth.

Sustaining the effect of periodontal treatment largely depends on post-treatment care. Daily oral hygiene, regular check-ups and professional cleaning at the recommended intervals help maintain gum health. The content of the care program is determined according to the person's condition.